The core principle of the integrated water and fertilizer machine relies on hydraulic drive and electronic control metering system to mix clean water and water-soluble fertilizer concentrate at a precise ratio, and then deliver it to the field through a pipe network, achieving simultaneous irrigation and fertilization. The entire process is divided into four major steps: water supply, fertilizer absorption and proportioning, mixing and filtration, and delivery control.
After entering the main unit through the main pipeline, the water source serves as the basic clear water pipeline on one path, while on the other path, it utilizes the Venturi negative pressure principle or the power of a metering pump to extract concentrated fertilizer solution from the fertilizer tank. The Venturi method relies on high-speed water flow through a narrow tube to generate negative pressure, automatically inhaling the fertilizer solution; the proportional pump model relies on a motor to precisely and quantitatively extract the base solution. The two work together to complete the preliminary mixing of fertilizer and water. The device is equipped with EC and pH sensors to detect the concentration and pH of the mixed fertilizer water in real time. If the values deviate from the preset standards, the system will automatically adjust the fertilizer suction speed to ensure stable nutrient concentration and avoid seedling burn due to excessively high concentration or nutrient deficiency due to excessively low concentration.
The mixed fertilizer water will pass through multiple filters in sequence, intercepting fertilizer impurities and sediment in the water, preventing fine particles from clogging drip irrigation pipes, micro sprinklers, and other end irrigation components. Afterwards, the system relies on solenoid valves to control each pipeline in groups according to the pre-set program, achieving rotational irrigation and fertilization of multiple plots. The irrigation duration, cycle interval, fertilization start and end time can be set, and the proportioning scheme can be switched according to different growth stages of crops.
The equipment is equipped with a central control system, forming a closed-loop regulation and control system as a whole: Operators enter formula parameters on the control panel or via a mobile app, and the mainboard receives instructions to control the operation of the water pump, solenoid valve, and fertilizer injection mechanism; sensors transmit water and fertilizer data in real time, and the system dynamically corrects the amount of fertilizer absorbed. After irrigation, the program automatically switches to the clear water mode to flush out residual fertilizer solution from the host machine and pipes, preventing fertilizer from crystallizing and caking, which could block the pipes, and extending the service life of the equipment.
In simple terms, it involves using clear water as the carrier, mechanically and quantitatively incorporating fertilizer, monitoring and calibrating the concentration of fertilizer and water, and delivering it to the roots of crops in a timely manner according to different zones. This combines the traditional two processes of separate watering and fertilizing into a single precise operation. This principle eliminates the errors associated with manual proportioning and relies on machinery and electronic control to achieve standardized fertilization and irrigation. It not only reduces water and fertilizer waste but also meets the growth needs of crops. It is also the core foundation for the large-scale application of integrated water and fertilizer technology.